Lung Cell Lineage

Collectively these experiments indicate that lung epithelial stem cells are regionally specific.

Lung cell lineage.

Single cell atlas of lung innate lymphoid cells. At2 and at1 cells are thought to receive signals from the adjoining lung mesenchyme which are important for both homeostasis and regeneration after injury. Clones x360 x8 and x232 are found contributing to multiple cell lineages multipotent whereas others contribute only to lung lineage x314 lung and pnec x401 and nle only x123. This reflects the fact that cell specific lineage tracing systems are better developed for the epithelium.

Lung lineage specific cell differentiation was achieved in a relatively shorter span of time 22 days in contrast to other reported lung lineage culture conditions. Furthermore we validated upregulation of lineage markers of differentiated cell types of the adult lung by qpcr. In day 21 balo cultures upregulated genes included hopx for aec i and sftpc for aec ii as well as foxj1 muc5ac and p63 for ciliated goblet cells and basal cells respectively fig 2 a. In the lung alveolus the alveolar type 2 at2 cell population or subpopulations within it is thought to be the predominant epithelial progenitor cell capable of self renewal and generating the alveolar type 1 at1 lineage after injury barkauskas et al 2013.

To shed light on these unknown mechanisms scientists at the max planck institute of immunobiology and epigenetics in freiburg headed by dominic. The mammalian lung is a highly branched network in which the distal regions of the bronchial tree transform during development into a densely packed honeycomb of alveolar air sacs that mediate gas exchange. Reconstructing lineage hierarchies of the distal lung epithelium using single cell rna seq. The networks from normal lung show that nkx2 1 is linked to the alveolar type 2 lineage and identify pebp4 as a novel marker expressed in alveolar type 2 cells.

These culture media normally used to maintain and grow mature cells could successfully induce differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells into three types of mature lung lineage specific non ciliated cells. Specific transcriptional factors peptide growth factor receptor mediated signaling pathways extracellular matrix components and integrin signaling pathways interact to direct lung morphogenesis and lung cell lineage differentiation. The lung alveolus forms a niche of interacting and communicating cell types including the at1 and at2 epithelial lineages vascular endothelial cells and poorly understood mesenchymal lineages. The lung alveolar compartment is the primary site of gas exchange the most fundamental function of the respiratory system.

There is no evidence that a single lung stem cell as in the hematopoietic system gives rise to all cell lineages during homeostasis or repair.